DISCOURSE MARKERS
Discourse markers are fundamental both in speaking and
writing speech because they work as connectors of the language, helping the
reader or listener to be guided through the ideas.
There are formal linking expressions as well as informal,
and of course it is important to know what are the most appropriate in relation
to the context. For example, notice how a writer opens a piece, moves on to
another point, introduces a counterpoint, and concludes. Think about how
effective the discourse markers within the text are and if there are others
that you might use.
Also, be careful to avoid over-use of linking phrases.
Using them unnecessarily, can make a piece of writing too wordy and heavy.
These are some of the expressions that can be used as discourse
markers:
Type of relationship
|
Sentence connectors
|
Position within clause/sentence
|
Adding something
|
Moreover; In addition;
Additionally; Further; Further to this; Also; Besides; What is more.
|
Initial position
|
Making a contrast between two separate things, people, ideas,
etc.
|
However; On the other
hand; In contrast; Yet.
|
Initial position
|
Making an unexpected contrast (concession)
|
Although; Even though;
Despite the fact that; In spite of the fact that; Regardless of the fact
that.
|
Initial position
Starts a second/ subordinate clause
|
Saying why something is the case
|
Because; Since; As;
Insofar as.
|
Initial position
Starts a second/ subordinate clause
|
Saying what the result of something is
|
Therefore; Consequently;
In consequence; As a result; Accordingly; Hence; Thus; For this reason;
Because of this.
|
Initial position
|
Expressing a condition
|
If; In the event of; As
long as...; So long as...; Provided that...; Assuming that...; Given that....
|
Initial position
Starts a second/ subordinate clause
|
Making what you say stronger
|
On the contrary; As a
matter of fact; In fact; Indeed.
|
Initial position
|
Source:
University of Warwick. Discourse markers.
Remember that learning sentence connectors will help you to
improve your fluency.
Practice:
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